The Importance of Methyl Groups and Deuteration in Drug Development Methyl groups are widely present in small-molecule drugs and play a crucial role. Numerous studies have shown that introducing a methyl group at specific sites in drug candidates can improve metabolic stability, extend half-life, and may also enhance solubility, target...

Due to the difficulty in synthesizing glycan standards, as well as their high cost and limited availability, current quantitative glycan analysis by LC-MS and MALDI-MS primarily relies on relative quantification using isotope labeling. Stable isotope labeling is a technique that uses non-radioactive isotopes to label biomolecules. It enables the labeling...

Background Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by severe dysregulation in the production and degradation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is one of the most significant reactive oxygen species and a key pathogenic factor in cellular damage. Therefore, monitoring ONOO− levels is of great...

Background Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a pathological process in which drugs cause liver dysfunction or damage. Carboxylesterase (CE) is an important enzyme primarily found in the human liver, and its reduced activity or deficiency is associated with the occurrence and severity of DILI. Therefore, detecting changes in CE levels...

Superoxide anion (O2•−), as the primary precursor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is closely associated with ferroptosis-mediated epilepsy. Therefore, establishing an efficient and convenient method for real-time dynamic monitoring of superoxide anion (O2•−) during ferroptosis in epilepsy is of great importance for the diagnosis and treatment of ferroptosis-mediated epilepsy. However,...

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is the most important cytochrome P450 enzyme for drug metabolism in humans. Its activity directly determines the efficacy and safety of over 50% of clinical pharmaceuticals. Traditional detection methods relying on mass spectrometry are limited by high costs and complex workflows, restricting their deep application in complex biological...