3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (CAS No. 919-30-2), commonly abbreviated as APTES, is a multifunctional aminosilane and silane coupling agent containing a reactive amino group and three hydrolyzable ethoxy groups.
The three ethoxy groups enable hydrolysis and condensation with inorganic surfaces, while the terminal amino group provides a reactive site for further chemical modification. This dual functionality makes APTES particularly useful for connecting inorganic materials with organic molecules, polymers, biomolecules, and functional coatings.
3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane is widely used in surface functionalization, silica modification, nanoparticle functionalization, sol-gel chemistry, polymer composites, biosensors, microfluidics, and biomaterials research.
The three Si–OEt groups of APTES undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water to form silanol groups. These silanol groups can subsequently condense with surface hydroxyl groups or with other silanol groups to form stable Si–O–Si linkages.
This mechanism enables APTES to form a chemically functionalized layer on surfaces such as:
After the silane portion anchors to the inorganic surface, the terminal –NH₂ group remains available for subsequent reactions.
The amino group can participate in:
This makes APTES an effective molecular bridge between inorganic surfaces and organic or biological components.
APTES is widely used to introduce amino groups onto silica and glass surfaces.
Applications include:
3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane can modify nanoparticles containing hydroxylated surfaces.
Applications include:
APTES is particularly useful when subsequent attachment of polymers, ligands, proteins, DNA, or other functional molecules is required.
The terminal amino group provides a convenient functional handle for immobilizing biomolecules.
Applications include:
APTES is used to functionalize glass, silica, and other substrates in microfluidic systems.
Applications include:
APTES can improve interactions between inorganic fillers and organic polymer matrices.
Applications include:
APTES is used as an organosilane precursor for preparing amino-functionalized hybrid materials.
Applications include:
APTES can form functionalized molecular layers on suitable oxide and silica surfaces.
Applications include:
APTES is classified by commercial suppliers as a corrosive and skin-sensitizing material. Sigma-Aldrich lists H302, H314, and H317 hazard classifications for one 99% grade.
Researchers working in the following fields may benefit from 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (CAS No. 919-30-2):
A: 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane is an aminosilane and silane coupling agent with CAS No. 919-30-2, molecular formula C₉H₂₃NO₃Si, and molecular weight 221.37 g/mol.
A: The commonly used abbreviation is APTES. APTS and AMEO are also used as alternative names.
A: Yes. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-(Triethoxysilyl)propylamine refer to the same compound, CAS 919-30-2.
A: APTES is mainly used for surface functionalization, silica modification, nanoparticle functionalization, biosensor fabrication, microfluidics, polymer composites, and organic-inorganic hybrid materials.
A: Yes. The three ethoxy groups can undergo hydrolysis in the presence of moisture. TCI specifically identifies APTES as moisture sensitive.
A: The molecular weight of 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 221.37 g/mol.
A: Yes. APTES is widely used to introduce amino-functional groups onto silica and glass surfaces, providing reactive sites for subsequent chemical or biomolecular immobilization.
A: Yes. APTES is commonly used to introduce amino groups onto suitable nanoparticle surfaces, including silica and metal oxide nanoparticles.
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