What is Kumada Cross-coupling Reaction? The Kumada cross-coupling reaction uses a palladium or nickel catalyst to couple an organohalide and a Grignard or organolithium reagent. The mechanism follows the expected oxidative addition-reductive elimination cycle. Reaction Summary: Reagents: Catalytic Palladium or Nickel Reactant: Organohalide, Organomagnesium or Organolithium Product: Coupled Product Type...

The BOC (tert-butoxycarbonyl) group is used to protect amines in synthetic reactions, and is probably the most common amine protecting group in non-peptide chemistry. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, BOC2O (also known as di-tert-butyl pyrocarbonate or BOC anhydride), triethylamine (TEA), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) are commonly used to add the BOC group. The amine attacks...

Benzyl groups are often used to protect alcohols in multi-step synthetic reactions. To deprotect, the benzyl ether first undergoes oxidative addition to the Pd(0) catalyst, forming a Pd(II) complex. Hydrogen coordination and transfer then facilitates the release of the alcohol. Reductive elimination expels toluene and regenerates the palladium catalyst. Reagents:...