The BOC (tert-butoxycarbonyl) group is used to protect amines in synthetic reactions, and is probably the most common amine protecting group in non-peptide chemistry. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, BOC2O (also known as di-tert-butyl pyrocarbonate or BOC anhydride), triethylamine (TEA), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) are commonly used to add the BOC group. The amine attacks...

Sandmeyer Reaction A radical mechanism, catalytic for copper(I) salt has been proposed for the Sandmeyer reaction, which converts an aryldiazonium halide/salt to an aryl halide or an aryl pseudohalide. The required aryldiazonium halide is usually prepared from arylamines (via diazotization) using either NaNO2/hydrohalic acid or alkyl nitrites under anhydrous conditions....

The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction uses a Lewis acid catalyst to attach an alkyl group to an electron-rich benzene ring or derivative. First, a carbocation electrophile is generated through Lewis acid-assisted ionization of an alkyl halide. The aromatic ring then attacks the carbocation, forming a carbon-carbon bond and a new carbocation...

Benzyl groups are often used to protect alcohols in multi-step synthetic reactions. To deprotect, the benzyl ether first undergoes oxidative addition to the Pd(0) catalyst, forming a Pd(II) complex. Hydrogen coordination and transfer then facilitates the release of the alcohol. Reductive elimination expels toluene and regenerates the palladium catalyst. Reagents:...