The Wurtz reaction, named after French chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, is a coupling reaction widely studied in organic and organometallic chemistry. It is also relevant to polymers of inorganic main group elements. The reaction involves two halogenated hydrocarbons reacting with sodium to produce new C-C bonds, synthesizing longer carbon chains： Due...

Popular since the early 1900s, the 1,4-addition of Michael donors to activated π-systems (called Michael acceptors) to form new C-C bonds is known as the Michael addition or reaction. With the help of a base, the donor is converted to an enolate ion, which attacks the Michael acceptor. When a...

What is Kumada Cross-coupling Reaction? The Kumada cross-coupling reaction uses a palladium or nickel catalyst to couple an organohalide and a Grignard or organolithium reagent. The mechanism follows the expected oxidative addition-reductive elimination cycle. Reaction Summary: Reagents: Catalytic Palladium or Nickel Reactant: Organohalide, Organomagnesium or Organolithium Product: Coupled Product Type...

The BOC (tert-butoxycarbonyl) group is used to protect amines in synthetic reactions, and is probably the most common amine protecting group in non-peptide chemistry. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, BOC2O (also known as di-tert-butyl pyrocarbonate or BOC anhydride), triethylamine (TEA), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) are commonly used to add the BOC group. The amine attacks...

Benzyl groups are often used to protect alcohols in multi-step synthetic reactions. To deprotect, the benzyl ether first undergoes oxidative addition to the Pd(0) catalyst, forming a Pd(II) complex. Hydrogen coordination and transfer then facilitates the release of the alcohol. Reductive elimination expels toluene and regenerates the palladium catalyst. Reagents:...