🔬 Background & Molecular Design
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a photophysical phenomenon in which certain fluorogens emit weak or no fluorescence in solution but exhibit significantly enhanced fluorescence in the aggregated or solid state. In recent years, AIE molecules have gained increasing attention in biomedical imaging. TriPEX is a class of AIE-based red fluorescent probes formed by fusing the AIE building block tetraphenylethylene with the traditional luminescent dye rhodamine (xanthene).
💡 Research Breakthrough & Mechanism
Professor Guangle Niu from Beijing Institute of Technology has developed two ionic fluorescent probes, TriPEX-ClO₄ and TriPEX-PF₆. These probes specifically target mitochondria (Figure 1) and can trigger ATF4/JNK/Alix-dependent paraptosis and GPX4-mediated ferroptosis, synergistically and efficiently promoting cancer cell death. They demonstrate broad applicability, exhibiting cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cells—including drug-resistant U251 human glioblastoma cells—while showing low toxicity to normal cells (Figure 2). They also show promising potential for inhibiting live glioblastoma and cervical tumors (Figures 3–4), opening new avenues for the development of fluorescent anticancer drugs and innovative treatments for brain diseases.
🤝 Collaborative Support
This series of probes and related work received guidance from Academician Ben Zhong Tang of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), as well as collaborative support from Professor Bingyang Shi of Henan University and Professor Weizhi Wang of Beijing Institute of Technology!
✅ Product Advantages
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Red fluorescence: Excitation at 561 nm, emission collected at 580–680 nm.
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Specific mitochondrial targeting: Staining incubation concentration: 2 μM (Figure 1).
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Low toxicity: Minimal toxicity to various normal cells (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, etc.) (Figure 2).
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Cancer cell inhibition: Broadly inhibits growth of various cancer cells, especially drug-resistant cells such as U251 human glioblastoma, and improves survival in mice (Figure 3).
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High blood–brain barrier penetration: Effectively crosses the blood–brain barrier, addressing the challenge of inhibiting and killing drug-resistant glioblastoma (Figure 3).
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High efficacy: Efficiently triggers paraptosis and ferroptosis (Figure 4).
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Excellent stability.




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Niu Guangle, PhD Supervisor, Beijing Institute of Technology He received his PhD from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2016 and conducted postdoctoral research at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (2016–2019). With expertise in organic fluorescent dyes and biomedical imaging, he has published over 70 papers in leading journals including J. Am. Chem. Soc., Angew. Chem., Nat. Commun., and Nano Lett., accumulating 6,000+ citations (Google Scholar), and holds more than 10 patents. |
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